$$ \newcommand{\uex}{{u_{\small\mbox{e}}}} \newcommand{\Aex}{{A_{\small\mbox{e}}}} \newcommand{\half}{\frac{1}{2}} \newcommand{\tp}{\thinspace .} \newcommand{\Oof}[1]{\mathcal{O}(#1)} \newcommand{\x}{\boldsymbol{x}} \newcommand{\X}{\boldsymbol{X}} \renewcommand{\u}{\boldsymbol{u}} \renewcommand{\v}{\boldsymbol{v}} \newcommand{\e}{\boldsymbol{e}} \newcommand{\f}{\boldsymbol{f}} \newcommand{\dfc}{\alpha} % diffusion coefficient \newcommand{\Ix}{\mathcal{I}_x} \newcommand{\Iy}{\mathcal{I}_y} \newcommand{\Iz}{\mathcal{I}_z} \newcommand{\If}{\mathcal{I}_s} % for FEM \newcommand{\Ifd}{{I_d}} % for FEM \newcommand{\Ifb}{{I_b}} % for FEM \newcommand{\sequencei}[1]{\left\{ {#1}_i \right\}_{i\in\If}} \newcommand{\basphi}{\varphi} \newcommand{\baspsi}{\psi} \newcommand{\refphi}{\tilde\basphi} \newcommand{\psib}{\boldsymbol{\psi}} \newcommand{\sinL}[1]{\sin\left((#1+1)\pi\frac{x}{L}\right)} \newcommand{\xno}[1]{x_{#1}} \newcommand{\Xno}[1]{X_{(#1)}} \newcommand{\xdno}[1]{\boldsymbol{x}_{#1}} \newcommand{\dX}{\, \mathrm{d}X} \newcommand{\dx}{\, \mathrm{d}x} \newcommand{\ds}{\, \mathrm{d}s} $$

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Generalization to 3D

Key idea: $$ V = V_x\otimes V_y\otimes V_z$$

Repeated outer tensor product of multiple vectors.

$$ \begin{align*} a^{(q)} &= (a^{(q)}_0,\ldots,a^{(q)}_{N_q}),\quad q=0,\ldots,m\\ p &= a^{(0)}\otimes\cdots\otimes a^{(m)}\\ p_{i_0,i_1,\ldots,i_m} &= a^{(0)}_{i_1}a^{(1)}_{i_1}\cdots a^{(m)}_{i_m} \end{align*} $$

$$ \begin{align*} \baspsi_{p,q,r}(x,y,z) &= \hat\baspsi_p(x)\hat\baspsi_q(y)\hat\baspsi_r(z)\\ u(x,y,z) &= \sum_{p\in\Ix}\sum_{q\in\Iy}\sum_{r\in\Iz} c_{p,q,r} \baspsi_{p,q,r}(x,y,z) \end{align*} $$

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